生活污水處理

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)是(shi)居(ju)民日常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)中(zhong)排(pai)出的(de)廢水(shui)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)來(lai)源于居(ju)住(zhu)建筑和公(gong)共(gong)建筑，如(ru)住(zhu)宅、機關、學校、醫院、商店、公(gong)共(gong)場(chang)所及工業企業衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間等。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)所含的(de)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)有(you)機物(wu)(wu)(wu)(如(ru)蛋白質、碳水(shui)化合物(wu)(wu)(wu)、脂肪、尿(niao)素、氨(an)氮等) 和大(da)(da)量病(bing)原微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(如(ru)寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蟲卵和腸道(dao)傳染病(bing)毒(du)等)。存在于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)的(de)有(you)機物(wu)(wu)(wu)極不穩定，容(rong)易腐化而產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)惡臭。細菌和病(bing)原體(ti)以生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)有(you)機物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)營養而大(da)(da)量繁(fan)殖，可導致傳染病(bing)蔓(man)延(yan)流行。因(yin)此，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)排(pai)放前(qian)必須進行處理。

生活污水處理

（1） 出(chu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質優異，可直接回(hui)用。

（2） MBR膜法與傳統活性污泥法污水處理(li)工藝的污染(ran)物去除率(lv)設計值(zhi)。

（3） 大幅(fu)減少占地面積、節省土(tu)建投資。

（4） 可實現全自(zi)動控制、減少管理(li)難度。

（5） 大幅減少(shao)剩余污泥排放(fang)量。

 （6） 簡化消毒工藝。

物理處理法：

通(tong)過物理作用分(fen)離(li)、回收廢(fei)水中不(bu)溶解的呈懸浮(fu)狀態的污染物（包(bao)括油膜(mo)和(he)(he)油珠）的廢(fei)水處(chu)理法(fa)，可分(fen)為重力分(fen)離(li)法(fa)、離(li)心分(fen)離(li)法(fa)和(he)(he)篩濾(lv)截(jie)留法(fa)等(deng)。以熱(re)交換原理為基礎的處(chu)理法(fa)也屬于物理處(chu)理法(fa)。

化學處理法：

通過化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應和(he)傳(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用來分(fen)離(li)、去除廢(fei)(fei)水中(zhong)呈(cheng)溶解、膠體狀態的(de)污染物或(huo)將其(qi)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)無害物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)廢(fei)(fei)水處理(li)(li)(li)法。在化(hua)學(xue)處理(li)(li)(li)法中(zhong)，以投加藥劑產生化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應為(wei)(wei)基礎的(de)處理(li)(li)(li)單元是(shi)：混凝、中(zhong)和(he)、氧(yang)化(hua)還原等；而以傳(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用為(wei)(wei)基礎的(de)處理(li)(li)(li)單元則有(you)：萃取、汽提、吹脫、吸附、離(li)子(zi)交換以及電(dian)滲(shen)析和(he)反(fan)滲(shen)透(tou)等。后兩種處理(li)(li)(li)單元又合稱為(wei)(wei)膜(mo)分(fen)離(li)技術(shu)。其(qi)中(zhong)運用傳(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)處理(li)(li)(li)單元既具有(you)化(hua)學(xue)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，又有(you)與之相關(guan)的(de)物理(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，所以也可從化(hua)學(xue)處理(li)(li)(li)法中(zhong)分(fen)出來 ，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)另一(yi)類(lei)處理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)法，稱為(wei)(wei)物理(li)(li)(li)化(hua)學(xue)法。

生物處理法：

通(tong)過微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)代謝(xie)作用，使廢(fei)水中呈(cheng)溶(rong)液、膠(jiao)體以及(ji)微細(xi)懸浮狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)有機污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)，轉化為穩定、無害的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)廢(fei)水處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。根據作用微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)不同，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又(you)可(ke)分(fen)為需氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)厭氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)兩種類型。廢(fei)水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廣泛使用的(de)(de)是需氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，按(an)傳統，需氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又(you)分(fen)為活性污(wu)泥(ni)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜法(fa)(fa)(fa)兩類。活性污(wu)泥(ni)法(fa)(fa)(fa)本身(shen)就是一(yi)種處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)單元(yuan)，它有多種運行方式(shi)。屬(shu)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設備有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)濾池、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)轉盤(pan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸氧化池以及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)流化床等。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)氧化塘法(fa)(fa)(fa)又(you)稱(cheng)自然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。厭氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，又(you)名生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)還原(yuan)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，主要(yao)用于處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)高濃度有機廢(fei)水和(he)污(wu)泥(ni)。使用的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設備主要(yao)為消化池。

生物接觸氧化法：

用生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)氧(yang)化法處理廢水(shui)，即用生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)氧(yang)化工藝在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反(fan)應(ying)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，已經(jing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氧(yang)的污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)浸沒(mei)全部填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，并以一(yi)定的流(liu)速流(liu)經(jing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。在(zai)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)上(shang)布滿(man)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)，污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)與生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)廣泛接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)，在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)上(shang)微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的新陳(chen)代謝的作(zuo)用下，污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)有機污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)得到去(qu)除，污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)得到凈化。zui后,處理過的廢水(shui)排(pai)入生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)氧(yang)化處理系統與生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)混合后進行(xing)處理,氯消(xiao)毒后達標排(pai)放。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)氧(yang)化法是一(yi)種介(jie)于(yu)活(huo)性(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)法與生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)濾池(chi)(chi)之間的生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)法工藝，其特點是在(zai)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)設置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，池(chi)(chi)底曝(pu)氣對污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氧(yang)，并使池(chi)(chi)體內(nei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處于(yu)流(liu)動(dong)狀態，以保證(zheng)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)同浸沒(mei)在(zai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)，避免(mian)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)氧(yang)化池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)存在(zai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)與填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)均的缺陷(xian),這種曝(pu)氣裝置稱謂鼓風曝(pu)氣。